801. How do I determine the winding direction of my pickup?
The most common way is to look for the black hookup wire. The majority of pickup companies connect the black and ground wire to the beginning of the coil. The beginning of the coil is wound directly to the rod magnets in vintage style single coil pickups. Looking at the pickup from the top and the two eyelet’s are on the bottom left and bottom right of the bobbin on vintage Strat style pickup. If the beginning wire starts at the bottom left eyelet, then the coil is wound clockwise around the bobbin. If the beginning wire starts at the bottom right eyelet, then the coil is wound counter-clockwise around the bobbin. Later on I will show you a trick that you can do with your analog or digital volt/ohm meter. Your analog meter has a pointer or dial that moves to the proper reading where the digital meter has a digital or numeral read out.

802. How do you split a humbucker?
You can split a humbucker by connecting a lead wire to the two finish wires in each coil. When you connect the lead wire to ground, it shorts one of the coils out leaving one coil operative. When you split a Gibson style humbucker, the stud side or non-adjustable side is operative and the adjustable side is shorted out. If the beginning and finish wires are reversed, the stud side is shorted out and the adjustable side is operative.

803. What readings do you get if a humbucking pickup is in series humbucking, split, out of phase with itself and parallel?
A. Pickup in series is: DC resistance is 8 k ohms. Each coil is 4 k ohms.
B. Pickup split: The DC resistance is 4 k ohms. Using only one 4 k ohm coil.
C. Pickup out of phase with itself: The DC resistance still reads 8 k ohms when the coils are connected in series.
D. Pickup in parallel with itself: The DC resistance is 2 k ohms.

804. Can you give examples of the different ways a humbucker can be hooked up using different magnets and coil directions?
There are many combinations of wiring a typical humbucker using some of these variables.
A. Both coils wound in the same direction: Either clockwise or counter-clockwise.
B. Each coil wound in an opposite direction: One coil wound clockwise and the other wound counter-clockwise.
C. Both coils have the same top magnetic polarity: Both coils have South or both have North top magnetic polarity. The top of the coil is the side facing the strings.
D. Each coil has an opposite top magnet polarity: One coil is South top polarity and the other is North top polarity.
E. Now combine these with Series, Split and Parallel wiring.
As you can see, there are many multiple wiring combinations along with winding directions and magnetic polarity in each bobbin. With all the combinations you have many sounds to get from your humbucking pickup.

805. How important is the position of the pickup under the strings?
I’ve heard great sounding guitars with pickups here, there and everywhere. One of my favorite players Eddie Van Halen had his humbucker slated in his custom built Kramer guitar. You can see in old photo’s that the high E and low E strings didn’t exactly line up over each pole. Many players during the late ‘70’s and throughout the ‘80’s put Gibson spaced humbuckers under their Fender spaced strings. Even though the strings don’t exactly line up with the pole pieces, there’s usually enough stray magnetic field for the string to disturb. As the string vibrates it moves the magnetic field through the coil and generates alternating current that is amplified many times in the amplifier.

806. When using both pickups on my Jazzmaster there is no hum, but using one at a time the hum is loud. Why?
When you use both pickups in a Fender Jazzmaster the sound is humbucking and very quiet. The bridge pickup is wound counter-clockwise with South polarity and the neck pickup is wound clockwise with North polarity. When both pickups are used together they become connected in parallel and become humbucking because each have an opposite winding direction and magnetic polarity. When each pickup is used individually it is still a single coil pickup and prone to hum from stray electrical noise and magnetic fields.

807. If the string hits the pole piece on the pickup, the sound completely stops. Why?
The sound can short out on single coil pickups if the lead wires from a pickup are reversed. I’ve seen this happen to Fender Mustang guitar that use the phase switch on each pickup. This happens when the covers are removed or replaced with pickups with exposed pole pieces. The coil windings can short out with the inside of the coil that is in contact with the rod pole pieces. If the phasing is reversed the pole piece becomes hot or positive. If a string that is grounded touches the exposed pole, the signal can be shorted out and no signal travels to the amplifier. Becareful when reversing lead wires on pickups and make sure the pole pieces are insulated and away from any contact with the grounded strings.

808. My guitar was apart and now it buzzes when I touch the string. What happened?
This is another common problem when working on your instrument and you forget to make a note to where your wires are connected. Many times the output wire from the volume control and the ground wire are reversed. This makes all the strings and grounded components noisy and buzz when touched. Many times the wires are connected wrong at the jack when it is replaced. Many times the instrument will read properly using an volt/ohm meter and the noise will not be noticed until the instrument is plugged into an amplifier which can be when you are plugging in at the gig. Check your repairman’s work after having work done to your instrument. It’s a good safety precaution.

809. How are bobbins or coil forms made used in guitar and bass pickups?
A bobbin or coil form can be made from a variety of materials that are used to hold the coil and/ or magnets as it is wound. The bobbin can be injection molded for consistent parts made of specified plastics and color. The flatwork can be punched from a variety of materials such as vulcanized fibre and linen phenolic and when combined with rod magnets make the coil form. Bobbins can be machined out of a block of non-conductive material such as phenolic, plastics or even wood. Bobbins can be made from thermoformed plastics for a variety of shapes. Air coils are often wound without a bobbin and wound to a desired coil shape using a collapsible fixture. After the air coil is wound the winding fixtures is removed leaving the coil that is carefully placed into a silicone mold.. Once the air coil is carefully placed into the mold other components are added such as magnet, pole pieces and hookup wire are added. After everything is in place the mold is filled with epoxy or similar potting solution to secure the components. At times the internal shrinking of the epoxy can break the windings within the coil and make the pickup impossible to repair.

810. I want to change the polepiece screws on my ‘64 Gretsch Filtertron pickups. Can I get new ones?
The new pole pieces are metric and will not thread into the older bobbins. The original Gretsch pickup designed by Ray Butts used a ferrous pole piece screw that measures 6/40 x 3/4”. The polepiece screw is a Fillister head, slotted, machine screw and chrome or gold plated. Seth Lover who designed the Gibson Humbucker used a 5/40 x 3/4” screw. The ferrous, Fillister head, slotted, machine screw was nickel, chrome or gold plated. Trying to find 6/40 x 3/4” Fillister head screws can be difficult to find so I made a run of them for custom pickups and we recently sent a bunch to Jeff Hannah in “The Nitty, Gritty Dirt Band.” Alan Rogan who works with AC/DC brought me a bunch so I could duplicate some pickups for the band.

811. Why does the gold plating wear off my pickups so soon?
Plating is the method of covering the covers with a thin coat of metal done by electrodeposition. The gold used on covers is usually 24 karat in color and uses a specific chemical process in combination with or without electricity. Plating is used to keep the metallic object from either rusting or oxidizing over time. Most gold covers are plated quite thin and some use a thin layer of lacquer sprayed over it to help protect and reduce wear. Gold plating has less durability than nickel or chrome plating used on many guitar products. Covers can get worn from the constant wear of picks, sweat and wiping down the guitar after playing. Use a soft non-abrasive cloth to remove all the debris and moisture after use. Try to blot and gently rub the pickups rather then rubbing them hard back and forth that will wear away at the plating. Chrome plating is the hardest and most durable and next is Nickel plating that wears well but tarnishes after use and finally the gold plating which can be less durable. The plating thickness can be increased on the covers for more durability. Covers can be deep drawn or fabricated from a variety of materials and they all react differently to the plating process. Covers can be made from Nickel Silver, Aluminum, Brass, Tin and other materials that can be plated for cosmetic appearance.

812. When I use my tremolo arm on my Stratocaster I hear a spring noise out of my amplifier. How can I stop it?
The spring is in close proximity to the pickups which are both in a cavity. The lower the height adjustment of the pickups will make them closer to springs inside the cavity. The springs are made from a tempered spring steel and usually chrome or nickel plated. The spring steel is a ferrous and attracted to a magnetic field or your pickups. If the springs are making a clicking noise then you can use a piece of insulation to help reduce the problem. Try changing the angle of the claw that is fastened to the body cavity and make sure there are no snags from the ground wire that soldered to it. If http://www.seymourduncan.com/support/faq/seymours-q-a/801825/the claw has a sharp burr, then you need to carefully file or sand it to smooth the sharp edges. This will allow the spring to move more freely when pressing down on the tremolo arm. Any vibration or noise in the springs can be transmitted and disturb the magnetic field in the pickups. Jimi Hendrix used this to his advantage and removed the back cover from his Strat so he could tap and manipulate the springs. I saw him pull on them and lower his tremolo to get interesting sounds.

813. When I move the lever switch in my Telecaster I hear the switch noise in my amplifier. What causes it and what can be done?
This has a lot to do with the sensitivity of the pickups and how securely they are mounted into the bridge plate. I really noticed this when working with Roy Buchanan and when examining his guitar I noticed that the bottom plate on his bridge pickup was loose and his pickups were on the verge of feeding back. He would turn his amplifier around on stage and when recording to help reduce the sensitivity in his pickups. You can listen to some of his early recordings and hear him switch from neck to bridge pickup. The wiring on his ‘53 Tele named “Nancy” was traditional and when the pickup selector switch was in the bride position activated the bridge pickup. When the lever switch was in the middle position it activated the neck pickup and when the lever switch was in the neck position it activated the neck pickup and a capacitor to ground to make the tone extra mellow for playing rhythm. The older lever switches were made by Centralab and the part number was # 1452. The sweeper used was a “shorting” blade and would connect two contacts at a time and eliminate a break in the sound when moving the lever from bridge, middle and neck position. Try tightening all the components and putting a foam rubber insert in the pickup cavity. Potting the pickup will help the pickup be less sensitive.

814. I put a single coil guitar pickup in my lap steel close to the bridge and the sound is very thin. What can I do to make it sound fatter and not so bright?
If you look close at various model lap and pedal steel pickups you will find that the majority of them have a higher DC resistance, more turns and more sustain than a typical guitar pickup. Sho-bud, Emmon’s and after market lap and steel guitar pickups have more turns to increase sustain but will have reduced high-end. The pickups are moved closer to the bridge to regain treble with increased sustain or signal sensitivity. If you would put the hotter wound pickup farther away from the bridge, you would notice the pickup was louder but all the highs were reduced. If you put an average sounding pickup in your lap steel, I would suggest a few things to do. Have the pickup wound hotter by adding more turns to your existing pickup called tapping by using the same gauge or one gauge smaller to add more turns. If your coil is full try using one gauge smaller that will give you more space to add more turns. Using the smaller gauge magnet wire will also reduce high end in the pickup.

815. What happens if you flip one of the bobbins over on a humbucking pickup?
By turning over one of the bobbins on a humbucker will make the pickup out of phase with itself. You are electrically changing the direction of the coil and making it incompatible with the system. Depending on what pickup you are using will not look very attractive from the bottom side. The top of the bobbin is made to look attractive and the bottom of the bobbin has less attention and the mold is not polished. Often the lead wires exit from the bottom of the pickup and often the bobbin has many tooling and ejection marks. During the mid ‘60’s Gibson made a new bobbin often called the “T” top. The “T” was put on to designate the “top” of the bobbin. This identification would insure proper mounting when winding and help eliminate pickups from being out of phase when the two coils are hooked up together.

816. What are types of hookup wire?
The most common are cloth braid as used in vintage pickups. It is commonly called “push back” wire and is very durable and is wax coated and sometimes the stranded conductors are tinned. Another similar hookup wire is the cloth braid single conductor with exposed shield braid used for decades on the majority of Gibson guitars. This wire along with the Fender cloth braid have become the standards in the industry especially for use on vintage pickups and instruments. Hookup wire with Teflon insulation has been used on later model Fender instruments. Gibson has used plastic insulated cable to hook up pickups and controls. I’ve seen many types of hookup wire used on all types of instruments. At times the supplier can’t get a specific wire and the manufacture has to change product and specifications. When wiring your instrument, try to stay away from solid core conductors and use stranded wire as it is more durable. Use between 22 and 24 gauge stranded insulated cable for hookup and becareful not to burn through the insulation’s that could short out with another wire or contact.

817. What can be done with faulty wiring?
Find a qualified repairman and if you take the job on make sure you have and the correct schematics showing how the components are hooked up. Genhttp://www.seymourduncan.com/support/faq/seymours-q-a/801825/erally faulty wiring can be repaired providing you have the proper tools such wire, solder, switches, screw drivers, nut drivers, contact cleaning solutions and soldering iron to name a few. Simple wiring or soldering jobs can be done by a local TV-radio repair shop. They have access to the materials for repairing the instrument and I’ve found they enjoy working on guitars after long hours working on appliances. Many times the problem can be caused from corrosion or cold solder joints that have oxidized. With a good eye and an volt/ohm meter you can easily repair many of the problems.

818. What causes the pickup to buzz when you touch the pole on a Fender style pickup?
This is usually caused because of hookup wires have been reversed or soldered to the wrong eyelet. This happens when the hot lead wire often white or yellow in color from the pickup is soldered to the eyelet that also connects the beginning of the coil. The ground wire that is most often black in color is connected to the eyelet that also connects the finish of the coil. Because the coil is wound in direct contact with the magnets, the magnets become noisy when touched and similar to touch the end of a guitar cord when plugged into an amplifier.

819. What are some of the reasons pickups get broken?
I would say the majority of pickups get broken due to mishandling and abuse. Many times removing covers that are stuck to the coil can break the wires. Removing humbucking covers without total removal of solder joints can snag the coils. Pickups left exposed on work benches can attract screws and misc. tools which can damage coils. Most damage to pickups is due to inexperience, lack of control when using screwdrivers, soldering irons and other tools. Improve your work habits and keep a clean work space especially when working with pickups and don’t just throw pickups in a drawer and hope they’ll be O.K. Keep pickups and coils protected by wrapping them in tissue and placing them in a protective container till needed later.

820. What are some of the do’s and don’ts regarding pickups.
Here are a few of my own suggestions and other friends of mine.

A. Don’t realign or push the poles down on single coil pickups.
Vintage design pickups usually have the magnet wire in direct contact with the pole pieces. The older sand cast magnets have pits and voids where the magnet wire can settle as the coil is wound. When the coils are potted the magnet wire can become bonded to the surface of the magnet. If the magnet gets realigned, the magnet wire can easily break within the coil.

B. Don’t grind the magnets on single coil pickups.
Grinding the magnets on a single coil pickup can do several things. It can de-magnetize the pole piece and cause intense heat that can melt the insulation on the magnet wire. Without insulation on the magnet wire the bare wire can oxidize and eventually become an open circuit.

C. Don’t use steel wool around pickups.
I get many pickups in that are lodged with bits of steel wool from repair work or pickups being placed on a work bench full of it. It can get lodged all over the pickup and even cause interference to the signal and magnetic field. It also looks bad when you have steel wool in-between your pole piece and strings. If someone wants to polish your frets on your Strat, have them remove the pickguard before doing the work.

D. Don’t use a soldering “gun”, use a soldering “iron” when working with pickups.
I said this time and time again and I still see repairman using soldering guns with huge coils replacing your pickups. Just plug your guitar in an amplifier and turn one of those guns on. Take a good listen and the hum is the AC current starting to demagnetize your pickups. If you hear the hum then there is a good chance you could have the phase of your pickups customized.

E. Don’t use acid core solder when soldering electrical contacts.
Acid core solder is used in the plumbing industry and should never be used on electrical contacts and especially sensitive ones used in your instruments. Use a good grade of rosin core solder used by many electronic technicians. The rosin core and other organic flux materials can be used for making proper solder joints.

F. Don’t have an unqualified repairman work on your instrument.
I’ve seen holes drilled through bodies when drilling channels for pickup wires and holes drilled through the head stock when putting tuning keys on. Please use the experience of many great repairman out there. You will find many listed in Vintage Guitar Magazine and even ask around using the phone and web. Although many electronic shops may not be experience in working on guitars, they have much experience on changing switches and proper soldering which is essential to repairing guitars.

G. Don’t let anyone borrow your instrument.
I’ve had this experience first hand and I won’t do it again. I had my guitars used for road trips and returned with new bridges, tremolo arms, new knobs and the works. When someone borrows your equipment and it comes back damaged can cause a diminished relationship. It is best not to lend your equipment out and will eliminate hard feelings. I guess by me letting someone borrow my guitar got me into rewinding pickups and eventually manufacturing many models.

H. Don’t use components that are not standard or within spec of your instrument.
In this day and age there are many components on the market that have Metric and American Standard dimensions. I find it aggravating when I buy a cover and find out it’s made with Metric dimensions and doesn’t fit my American made product. The industry needs to standardize components used on instruments. There are Metric after market covers that don’t fit the pole spacing on standard and after market pickups. I’ve gone in stores and watched salesman trying to find the right diameter and thread tremolo arm to fit your Strat or a black cover with the right pole spacing to fit your pickup. Try putting a Metric spaced humbucker cover on your American made Gibson P.A.F. pickup makes it hard for guitar builders to find proper components from one order to the next. I know there is a need but I think manufactures of components should all get together so all products are compatible with one another. I also find it with volume and tone potentiometers along with toggle and lever switches. The nuts and screws are either Metric or American Standard.

I. Don’t install a pickup without the proper tools such as router, templates and proper location of pickup.
If you are adding a humbucker in the neck position of your Telecaster, please use the right tools and not use a chisel or hand drill to enlarge the cavity. There are proper templates and fixtures that can be used to do the modification. Experienced wood workers will have the tool and technique to do a great job for you. Again, contact a reputable wood working shop if the modification needs to be done. Although the wood worker may not be experienced in guitar building, they will have enough experience to do a good job in most cases. Check out the position of the pickup too. If the bridge pickup is mounted to close to the bridge the pickup can sound thin and less output. Measure other instruments and get an idea of where to put a new pickup. I’ve gone to music stores with a tape measure to make notes on the many models available and be sure to ask the salesperson permission and tell him about your project or idea.

J. Don’t do a modification on a vintage or valuable that can’t be put back to stock.
It’s up to you but if you need to do modifications on an old or collectible instrument, try to do it where the modification can be reversed or the instrument put back to stock. You may not care about it now but maybe in 5, 10 or 20 years from now that instrument you own may be very collectible. Look at all the old ‘50 and ‘60’s instruments that have been modified with humbuckers, vibrato’s, added pickup cavity’s, re-fins etc. Now look at the price of those instruments such as Les Paul’s, Gretsch’s, Strat’s and Telecasters.

821. What is a pigtail?
This is a term that we use at Seymour Duncan when a small 28 gauge stranded hookup wire is connected to the beginning and finish coil of magnet wire. This gives the exit wires from the coil added durability and strength when connecting the wires to the heavier gauge lead wires that can be shielded single or multiple conductor.

822. Why should I change my pickup?
By changing your pickups you can do several things to change or enhance the tone of your instrument. Many times the wood and finish can make the instrument sound harsh or dull from synthetic finishes that are to thick. Changing your pickups can enhance the qualities in your instrument. In guitar production, pickups are basically all made the same and when you put them into an instrument made of different grades of wood material, grain, density, weight and when combined with various necks can make for instruments that can all have a different voice. Players like hotter pickups for guitars or basses that sound harsh with stock pickups. Having a hotter pickup will drive the amplifier easier in some cases and reduce the treble in the pickup depending on the gauge of magnet wire used for the coil and the amount of turns.

http://www.seymourduncan.com/support/faq/seymours-q-a/801825/ Here are some suggestions:

A. Pickups that are noisy and hum using single coil pickups:
There are a variety of pickup models that are humbucking and will help in certain conditions. Try using Stack pickups that have coils stacked on top of each other and the pole pieces are down the center like a single coil pickup. The pole pieces can be rod for a vintage look or bar for a custom look.

B. Try using a rail type pickup. There are also several makes and models of pickups that can be used with side by side coils for noise free humbucking effect. The rail type pickups can have thin blades like my Hot and Cool Rail pickups or other makes and models that have wider blades like Joe Bardens pickups. There are several models available with adjustable pole pieces and coils that can be wired for custom tone combinations.

C. You can change your pickups when the pickups are not working properly or need to play a specific style of music.

D. Pickups are easy to change and most music stores can assist or do the work for you. Some retail stores put the pickups in free when buying an instrument and you want to modify the sound. Check around for stores that offer that service.

E. Pickups can be changed when you need more output or less output. Many Jazz players like using a clean pickup and one that’s often not over wound will produce cleaner notes. If the pickup is to bright, the tone control can be used to reduce the treble and also putting a small capacitor from the hot side of the jack to ground. By using the capacitor to ground will reduce overall treble in the instrument. I’ve used a .0022 mfd. capacitor that works well to reduce the treble on some instruments.

F. The majority of pickups are changed because your favorite guitarist is using a similar model in their instrument. My favorite humbucking pickup for the lead position is the JB Model because of the one I made for Jeff Beck in the early ‘70s. Jeff is a remarkable guitarist along with Billy Gibbons from ZZ Top that have made so many records with great tone.

823. When I move my guitar cord the signal cuts in and out. What can cause it?
A. I would check the connections on each end of the cord. The solder joints can become fatigued and break shorting out the signal.

B. Check the length of cord for internal breaks. At times the center conductor or shield can break and become intermittent causing the instrument to short in and out.

C. Check for worn plating on the plugs that can oxidize causing faulty contacts with the jack.

D. Check the jack internally for worn plating. The majority of jacks are machined out of brass and can oxidize if exposed to the elements. Cleaning the jacks will work for a while but if the unplated area continues to be exposed for a period of time the oxidation can return causing the signal to become interrupted.

E. Check for bent or oxidized contacts on switches and even volume controls. Worn switches can easily become oxidized from constant use and build up debris especially from sweat and humidity. At times a solder ball can get lodged between contacts and even inside the volume or tone controls. They can short out the signal and cause aggravation when trying to determine the problem.

F. Check for cold solder joints in pickups and other connections in your instrument. Older solder joints can also oxidize causing the signal to fail in different environmental conditions.

G. Inner coil pole corrosion (ICPC) can cause the pickup to cut in and out. This is due to excessive moisture over a period of time within the bobbin and eventually corrodes the pole piece and eventually breaks down the insulation on the magnet wire on the inside of the coil. When the insulation breaks down on the magnet wire, the exposed copper wire oxidizes and can break. This causes an open circuit within the bobbin and rewinding is most likely needed to repair the pickup. This usually happens on Fender style single coil pickups where the moisture can permeate through the covers and eventually causing the magnets to rust.

824. Can I get my name engraved on my metal humbucking cover?
This can be easily done using several methods. We use manual and computerized engraving machines for doing engraving on our tooling and custom pickups we make. Many times our company logo is stamped on bottom plates or covers and is used to identify a product. The punches are made from hardened tool steel and need some kind of punch press to deploy the logo on the material. I use manual panograph machine to diamond drag someone’s name or logo onto covers that are made from brass, aluminum or nickel silver. Covers can be easily etched with your name by using a manual, computer or laser engraver. The manual engravers are very flexible and I can use many different style fonts when engraving. I do rotary engraving on plastics such as truss rod covers when an artist wants his name or to identify a particular guitar he is using. I have put numbers and words on the truss rod covers to designate the tuning of the instrument. It may say “G” or “D-Tuning” for how the guitar is tuned. This helps the guitar tech identify what guitar needs what tuning. I often get sent Gibson or other types of truss rod covers to engrave the name of the guitar or owner. It may have the name of his girlfriend or the model of his or her guitar. You can also emboss a metal cover using custom metal stamps and dies. The diamond drag is a non-rotating engraving bit with a diamond embedded in the tip at various degrees to determine the depth and width of the line you are engraving. You can use a rotating carbide cutter to engrave but it makes the lettering less desirable to me than the diamond drag. You can engrave your name on the unplated surface and then have it plated in gold, nickel, chrome for a great look. You can do hand engraving which involves more experience to get a professional look. I do all kinds of engraving and especially marking all my tools. You can use a hand electric vibrating engraver but again it takes a good steady hand to get a professional look. Often you find hand engraving on fine jewelry such as watches and custom firearms. You can also a add a logo or special inscription by bead blasting and uses a fine material such as glass or aluminum oxide sprayed through a special nozzle.

825. I visited a guitar company and I heard the term BOM used. What does it mean?
The term BOM mean bill of materials and is important when manufacturing products. It’s basically the list of all items that are used to make a product. You can have a part number, inventory, location, vendor, cost and amount used in making a product. A simple BOM list for a pickup can be as follows for a Telecaster style pickup.

Part #	Amount	Item Description
000-001	1	flatwork top flatwork
000-002	1	flatwork bottom flatwork
000-003	2	eyelet’s brass/tinned
000-004	3	magnets Alnico
000-005	1	coil 42 gauge
000-006	1	hookup wire clothbraid black
000-007	1	hookup wire clothbraid white
000-008	1	bottom plate steel plate
000-009	1	potting wax potting
000-010	1	solder rosin core
000-011	1	string white string
000-012	1	magnetize South polarity-top
000-013	1	label description label
000-014	1	box display box
000-015	3	screws 6/32 x 3/4” RH PH
000-016	3	grommets 1/4” OD x 1/8” ID
000-017	1	tape insulation tape
000-018	1	schematic schematic for customer
000-019	1	assembly drawing assembly procedures

After all the parts are gathered they are ready for assembly. The assembly drawing will show the procedures and what tooling and machines to use for bobbin fabrication. Each part can have a sub-assembly number too because of all the steps and material it takes to make the part.